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This study successfully established Iron Sulfide-Mediated mixotrophic Partial Denitrification/Anammox system, achieving nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of 97.26% and 78.12%, respectively, with COD/NO 3 –-N of 1.00.Isotopic experiments and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy analysis confirmed that iron sulfide enhanced …
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Sulfide ores. Spent acid. Gases like H 2 S. Many variants are available for each process utilizing the above-mentioned starting materials. 2.1.1 Elemental Sulfur. Process description for sulfuric acid 98.5% plant (commercial grade) A typical sulfuric acid plant operating on sulfur as the main raw material consists of the following main …
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Iron(II) sulfide is a fascinating chemical compound that plays a significant role in various fields, including geology, chemistry, and industry. Made up of iron and sulfur, this compound is known for its dark, metallic appearance and is commonly found in the natural environment, especially within the earth's crust.Iron(II) sulfide is formed when …
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The main contributions are described as follows: (1) A complete process of gold recovery from sulfide refractory gold ore was proposed and the gold was effectively recovered; (2) Pyrite was first used to enhance the chlorination roasting; (3) Thermodynamic analysis and laboratory experiments verified the feasibility and reliability …
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Crude oil, natural gas, and other fossil energy media commonly contain elemental sulphur. When it comes to its extraction, storage and transportation, and refining process, the elemental sulphur in the medium tend to cause corrosion of iron-based equipment, and the formed pyrophoric iron sulphides (PISs) adhere to the surface of …
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When iron ore is extracted from a mine, it must undergo several processing stages. Six steps to process iron ore. 1. Screening We recommend that you begin by screening the iron ore to separate fine particles below the crusher's CSS before the crushing stage. A static screen is used to divert the fine particles for crushing.
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The conventional nickel smelting and refining is the dominant strategy for nickel production from the sulfide nickel ores. The main disadvantages are the significant amount of SO 2 emissions during smelting and complex refining processes. In this paper, the authors investigated a solid-state nickel extraction method that recovered nickel …
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Iron sulfide control programs from Baker Hughes minimize the problem and control operational cost. We offer a complete set of solutions to prevent, control, or remove FeS in your production and injection equipment.
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If the granularity of the crushed product is not strict, the open circuit process can be used. Otherwise, a closed-circuit process should be used. However, when the closed-circuit process is adopted, the configuration of the equipment will become more complicated due to the addition of inspection and screening. 2. Three-stage Crushing …
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Copper processing is a complicated process that begins with mining of the ore (less than 1% copper) and ends with sheets of 99.99% pure copper called cathodes, which will ultimately be made into products for …
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The typical Unisulf process flow diagram is reported in Fig. 6, where all the characteristic H 2 S liquid redox process sections can be distinguished: the absorber, to wash the H 2 S containing feed gas; the oxidizer, to complete the H 2 S to S conversion; the finishing sulphur section, to allow the production of high purity sulphur.
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Iron sulfides, as a class of common pyrophoric materials, are widely formed and deposited on the internal surface of transportation, storage, and refinery equipment in oil, petrochemical, and chemical industries. To reduce the self-heating risk from iron sulfides, this paper proposes a practicable method for inhibiting pyrophoric iron sulfides.
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Flotation process is widely used for lode gold processing. In most cases, the flotation method has a good effect in sulfide-containing gold ore with high floatability. In addition, the flotation process is also used for polymetallic gold-bearing ores such as gold-copper, gold-lead, gold-copper-lead-zinc-sulfur ore.
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expertise in iron precipitation, nickel and cobalt producers benefit from environmentally acceptable iron residue storage or further use. Manganese, an impurity often associated with these raw materials, can be precipitated as manganese oxide either together with iron or separately. From iron and manganese removal, the pregnant leach
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AbstractDescription of Paper. This paper discusses various mechanisms that can lead to the formation of iron sulfide scale downhole, techniques that can be used to prevent its formation and methods to remove it. Iron sulfide scale is present in oil and gas producing wells, water injection and supply wells. There are various mechanisms that …
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Iron sulphide deposits accumulate in distillation columns, pipes, trays, structured packings, vessels, and heat exchangers. During shutdowns, there is a high potential for spontaneous ignition in the presence of oxygen due to the pyrophoric iron sulphide nature. Keeping such deposits wet to avoid unwanted fire hazards is not a good option.
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Since nickel sulfide concentrates are described by the ternary Fe–Ni–S system, a similar approach should allow the separation of S from Ni in the form of solid iron sulfide and the extraction of nickel as FeNi alloy. Physical separation of these phases may provide a marketable product in a process with a single chemical treatment step.
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Methods of Aeration; Applications; Limitations; Aeration is a unit process in which air and water are brought into intimate contact. Turbulence increases the aeration of flowing streams ().In industrial processes, water flow is usually directed countercurrent to atmospheric or forced-draft air flow.
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The iron in the chalcopyrite ends up converted into an iron(II) silicate slag which is removed. Most of the sulfur in the chalcopyrite turns into sulfur dioxide gas. This is used to make sulfuric acid via the Contact Process. An overall equation for this series of steps is: [2CuFeS_2 + 2SiO_2 +4O_2 rightarrow Cu_2S + 2FeSiO_3 + 3SO_2 label{1} ]
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Bioleaching is the metal-extracting practice from sulfides and/or iron-containing ores by means of microorganisms. It is a specified biohydrometallurgical approach in which either the metabolic activities or microbe's products are used to convert insoluble compounds into soluble form, which can then be recovered later [].Biological …
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The dynamic range of Zyme-Flow® Decon Technology products are recognized as the global standard for complete decontamination in refining and petrochemical applications. In a single step, pyrophoric iron sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, LEL's, and benzene are eliminated. The chemistry is wastewater friendly, with a near neutral pH and compatible …
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As the biogas flows through the iron sponge, the hydrated iron oxide reacts with H 2 S to form iron sulphide (FeS), thus removing H 2 S from the gas [25]. Impregnated Activated Carbons (IAC) are ...
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To remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and mercaptans from natural gas streams at low- or highpressure conditions at or near the well head. Iron sponge (iron oxidized onto wood shavings) uses a simple packed tower (3) on a …
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Iron sulfide may be present in any tower that has H2 S or other sulfur contamination; amine units and some main fractionators can have significant deposits of iron sulfide. Most shutdown procedures include conversion of the iron sulfides to iron oxides, but complete conversion is not guar anteed. Iron sulfide in air converts to iron …
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Reaction 3 Iron oxide reacts with organic sulphur or hydrogen sulphide (H2S): Soluble organic iron species such as iron carboxylates and iron naphthenates are likely to decompose at higher temperatures, reacting with organic sulphur or H2S to form FeS deposits on process equipment surfaces. Their decomposition temperature is >300°C.
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The Coke Oven By-Product Plant Contributed by Mick Platts, ThyssenKrupp EnCoke USA Table of Contents What is it and what does it do? Coke oven / by-product plant interface Composition of coke oven gas Duties of the by-product plant The by-product plant gas train Primary cooler Tar precipitators Exhauster Ammonia removal Final cooler
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LO-'s aqueous-based ambient temperature process features a chelated-iron catalyst that is applicable to any gas stream. With removal efficiencies of over 99.9 percent and up to 100 percent turndown, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is converted to elemental sulfur.
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Sulfide ore beneficiation is a major challenge for the mining industry. Recovery of valuable minerals such as copper, lead-zinc or nickel from sulfide-bearing ores requires complex and costly processes with a wide range of potential risks. These challenges can include the presence of harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide and …
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Iron sulfide (FeS) plugs filters, builds up in tanks, shortens production-equipment life, and damages the formation. Iron sulfide control programs from Baker Hughes minimize the problem and control operational cost. We offer a complete set of solutions to prevent, control, or remove FeS in your production and injection equipment.
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The "Field Guide for Managing Iron Sulfide (Black Powder) within Pipelines or Processing Equipment" offers practical guidance for corrosion control and operations personnel in managing black powder within their pipeline systems or processing equipment. It starts with a discussion of what is black powder and identifies health and safety considerations …
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All-solid-state batteries with non-flammable solid electrolytes offer enhanced safety features, and show the potential for achieving higher energy density by using lithium metal as the anode.
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Pyrophoric iron sulfide results from the corrosive action of sulfur compounds on the iron and steel used in refinery process equipment, piping, and tanks. The combustion of petroleum products containing …
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Iron sulfide can also cause flow assurance and plugging issues by restricting flow or …
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The iron salt addition in sewage benefits not only corrosion control but also wastewater treatment in the downstream WWTP. The formed FeS precipitates in the sewage enhance the phosphate precipitation in the WWTPs via forming insoluble iron phosphate hydroxide complexes (Gutierrez et al., 2010a; Rebosura et al., 2018, 2020).In …
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With the vigorously growing demand of the steel industry, corrosion resistance alloys, clean energy industries, and a variety of engineered infrastructure or technology, high-grade nickel ores are being exhausted gradually in the world. This review outlines metallurgical processes for nickel production from various nickel sulfide ores resources, particularly …
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1. Map the Process Flow with T & P 2. Develop a monitoring and system survey plan 3. Walk the pipe & process flow with Operations 4. Compile all historical data and failure info 5. Methodically collect a baseline of statistically valid data. 6. Develop a root cause solution with operations 7. Implement a trial of one solution at a time 8.
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